Now that the warm weather is here, we can shed our winter coats and enjoy the blooms of spring. But for many, spring weather and budding trees can mean itchy, watery eyes, a runny nose, and congestion due to seasonal allergies.

Here pharmacist Victor Wong answers common questions about how to deal with those symptoms.

What can you do to limit your exposure to seasonal allergies without taking medications?

1. Protect yourself during outside activities. Wear large sunglasses. Not only do they block the sun, but they also help prevent pollen from getting in your eyes. Same idea with wearing a hat. It helps to keep the pollen off your body.

2. Don’t wear hair gel. Hair gel actually attracts pollen. So stay away from sticky hair products or, if you do use them, wash your hair as soon as you get home.

3. Check the pollen forecast. If you’re planning on exercising, go to the gym or run inside on warm, windy days.

4. If you’re doing something active, like cutting the lawn or gardening, consider using a mask or a scarf to cover your nose and mouth.

5. We carry a lot of pollen into the home with us. Shower when you get home and wash your hair. Wash your bedding more frequently during the spring, summer and fall. Remember, your pets can track pollen into the house too.

6. Close your windows at night. Seasonal allergies can really impact your sleep.

7. Use your air conditioning and change the filter often. Use a HEPA filter for extra protection.

8. Take your allergy medication before you go outside. Medications can take some time to take effect, so take it proactively to better enjoy your time outdoors.

How do I choose the right medication for me?

Antihistamines provide the most relief for seasonal allergy symptoms. There are two major types of antihistamine medications: drowsy and non-drowsy. The non-drowsy types include brands like Claritin, Reactine, Aerius, Life brand, etc. The drowsy types include brands like Benadryl. Some people choose a brand because it has worked well for them in the past.

The first group of allergy medications should relieve your symptoms for 24 hours and typically do not cause drowsiness.

A medication like Benadryl will provide relief typically for only about 4-5 hours and causes drowsiness. If you’re taking it to help you sleep, note that it may affect the quality of your sleep because it disrupts your REM cycle.

I’ve heard that Reactine can make you drowsy too. Is that true?

Some medications affect people in different ways.  The molecule can cross into the brain and may make you drowsy, so it is best to test it out first and see how it affects you.

When would you use extra-strength vs. regular strength?

The strength of the medication usually depends on the size of the individual. Most people with smaller builds only need regular strength. A person with a larger body mass should use extra-strength. Start with regular-strength and then add another tablet if you aren’t getting relief. If you still don’t get relief, move to the extra-strength.

How can you relieve congestion that comes with seasonal allergies?

Some antihistamine medications also combine a decongestant. Make sure you carefully read the label and if you have congestion as one of your symptoms, be sure to pick a product with this combination.

Some patients choose to use a product like Dristan or Otrivin to relieve congestion. Limit use to no more than 5 days. If you use it for a long time, you may experience rebound congestion, when the body responds by causing even more congestion. There is a new nose spray on the market called Nasacort which is actually a steroid nasal spray. Health Canada has recently made this available without a prescription and it’s very effective and doesn’t have any negative effects from prolonged use. You could also try a saline spray or wash to relieve your congestion.

When do you use eye drops?

There are two types of eye drops: antihistamine eye drops which can be used like oral antihistamines, and dry eye drops, which can be used as often as you want. The drops for dry eyes help wash away the pollen and also soothe eyes. Eye drops like Cromolyn should be used before your symptoms begin, usually 2-3 days ahead of time.

How do I know if I have seasonal allergies and not a cold?

Allergy symptoms: itchy, watery eyes, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itchy ears, itchy throat and some hoarseness in the voice.

Cold symptoms: extra mucus, cough, sore throat, aches and pains in the joints. Could have low-grade fever. Usually gone within a week or two weeks.

Both can cause fatigue.

What can I give to my children with seasonal allergies?

There are options for children, including Benadryl and Claritin, in liquid and an easy-melt tablet. They’re for children up to the age of 12 and are very safe. Check with your pharmacist regarding the child’s symptoms and for recommendations on dosing. Benadryl can make you drowsy so don’t give it to your child on the way to school or before a play date.  Saline sprays and washes are also a great option for children to help relieve congestion.

When should you contact your physician for seasonal allergies?

If you have a fever, headaches, swelling of the throat or difficulty breathing, or if symptoms last more than 2-3 weeks and get worse and don’t subside.